Brave New World Essays (747 words) - Brave New World,

Brave New World Sometimes very advanced societies overlook the necessities of the individual. In the book Brave New World, Aldous Huxley creates two distinct societies: the Savages and the Fordians. The Fordians are technologically sophisticated, unlike the Savages. However, it is obvious that, overall, the Savages have more practical abilities, have more, complicated, ideals, and are much more advanced emotionally, which all help the individual to grow. The Savage Reservation provides more opportunities for personal growth than does the Fordian society. Throughout the story, it is shown how the Fordian society is much more advanced technologically than the Savage Reservation. Because the Reservation is not fully equipped with well-developed machinery to do all their work for them, they must learn to do it themselves. Unlike the Fordians, the Savages are taught functional skills, such as stitching up simple tears and weaving. In the story Mitsima, an old man from the reservation, teaches John the Savage how to make a clay pot, using nothing but a lump of clay and his own two hands. This is a very practical and useful tool. The Savages are taught to cook for themselves, and to clean for themselves. These teachings help the individual to grow practically. The Savages also bestow good ideals in their people from which they can learn, understand, and grow. One of the most important things that the Savages are taught is self-control. The Whipping Ceremony is a good example of this. In this ceremony a young man was whipped to death in front of a large audience and throughout it he "made no sound...[and] walked on at the same slow, steady pace" (97). The man is taught that to show his strength he must use the uttermost limits of his self-control. They are also taught self-control in how they are prohibited free sex. They must learn restraint through their lust and desires. It is shown how capable the Savages are when controlling themselves in chapter 13. Lenina, whom John loves and desires more than anything in the world, is proclaiming herself to John, and yet he restrains himself because they are not married. The Savages are also taught to be responsible. For instance, in families the parents must care for, love, and nurture their children as best they can in order for them to develop. An example of this is how Linda takes full responsibility for raising John, and even though she has very few skills, she teaches him to read. Another thing that the Savages provide for their people is a past from which to learn. For example the old men in the pueblo tell stories of how the world began. They said that "the seed of men and of all creatures, the seed of the sun and the seed of the earth" is how the world was created (109). The Savages can learn from this story not to take advantage of things. Things must be tended to for growth, like seeds. This story also gives people the impression that all things are equal. By saying that no matter how big or important something is, it started as a seed, and requires the same type of care, it is like saying that everything is equally important and precious. Self-control, strength, responsibility, and history are only three of the ideals Savages are taught to help them grow. The Savages are not withheld from feeling emotion, and are encouraged to deal with them, rather than ignore them. This is shown is the contempt the Savage boys show towards John because he is different, and the pain John feels. Even though these are not happy emotions they are still emotions which the Savages can use to express themselves. These emotions can be used as learning experiences and certainly help all of them to grow. The Savages are also taught to express love. This is chiefly shown in the relationship between John and Linda. For example, when the angry women come to hurt Linda, John tries to protect her and ends up himself getting hurt. Their love for each other is also shown in how Linda reconciles with John after hurting him when she "suddenly put her arms round him and kissed him again and again" (107). All of these emotions contribute to someone's personality and help him or her to grow as a feeling person. Since the industrial revolution, human kind has placed great emphasis on technological change. The Savage society teaches us that pre-industrial values may have as much to offer us as modern technological society does, and possibly

Why We Selfie -- the Sociological Perspective

Why We Selfie the Sociological Perspective In March  2014,  Pew Research Center  announced that  over a quarter of Americans have shared a selfie online. Unsurprisingly, the practice of photographing oneself and sharing that image via social media  is most common among Millennials, aged 18 to 33 at the time of the survey: more than one in two has shared  a selfie. So have nearly a quarter of those classified as Generation X (loosely defined as those born between 1960 and the early 1980s). The selfie has gone mainstream. Evidence of its mainstream nature is seen in other aspects of our culture too. In 2013 selfie was not only added to the Oxford English Dictionary  but  also  named Word of the Year. Since late January  2014, the music video for #Selfie by The Chainsmokers has been viewed on YouTube over 250 million times. Though recently canceled, a network television show focused on a fame-seeking and image conscious woman  titled Selfie debuted in the fall of 2014. And, the reigning queen of the selfie, Kim Kardashian West, debuted in 2015  a collection of selfies in book form,  Selfish. Yet, despite the ubiquity of the practice and how many of us are doing it (1 in 4 Americans!), a pretense of taboo and disdain surrounds it. An  assumption that sharing selfies is or should be embarrassing runs throughout  the  journalistic and scholarly coverage on the topic. Many  report on the practice  by noting the percentage of those who admit to sharing them. Descriptors like vain and narcissistic inevitably become a part of any conversation about selfies. Qualifiers like special occasion,  beautiful location, and ironic are used to justify them. But, over a quarter of all Americans are doing it, and more than half of those between the ages of 18 and 33 do it. Why? Commonly cited  reasons vanity, narcissism, fame-seeking are as shallow as those who critique the practice suggest it is. From  the sociological perspective,  there is always more to a mainstream cultural practice than meets the eye.  Lets use it  to dig deeper into the question of why we selfie. Technology Compels Us Simply put, physical and digital technology makes it possible, so we do it. The idea that technology structures the social world and our lives is a sociological argument as old as Marx, and one oft repeated by theorists and researchers who have tracked the evolution of communication technologies over time. The selfie is not a new form of expression. Artists have created self-portraits for millennia,  from cave to classical paintings, to early photography and modern art. Whats new about todays selfie  is its commonplace nature  and  its ubiquity. Technological advancement  liberated the self-portrait  from  the art world and gave  it to the masses. Some would say that those  physical and digital technologies  that allow  for the selfie act  upon us  as a form of technological rationality, a term coined by critical theorist Herbert Marcuse in his book  One-Dimensional Man. They exert a rationality of their own which shapes how we live our lives.  Digital photography, front-facing cameras, social media platforms, and wireless communications begat a host of expectations and norms which now infuse our culture. We can, and so we do. But also, we do because both the technology and our culture expect  us to. Identity Work Has Gone Digital We are not isolated beings living strictly individual lives.  We are social beings who  live in societies, and as such, our lives are fundamentally shaped by social relations with other people, institutions, and social structures. As photos meant to be shared, selfies are not individual acts; they are social acts. Selfies, and our presence on social media generally, is a part of what sociologists David Snow and Leon Anderson describe as identity work the work that we do on a daily basis to ensure that we are seen by others as we wish to be seen. Far from a strictly innate or internal process, the crafting and expressing of identity has long been understood by sociologists as a social process. The selfies we take and share are designed to present a particular image of us, and thus, to shape the impression of us held by others. Famed sociologist Erving Goffman  described the process of impression management in his book  The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. This term refers to the idea that we have a notion of  what others expect of us, or what others would consider a good impression of us, and that this shapes how we present ourselves. Early American sociologist Charles Horton Cooley described the process of crafting a self based on what we imagine others will think of us as the looking-glass self, whereby society acts as a sort of mirror to which we hold ourselves up. In the  digital age, our lives are increasingly projected onto, framed by, and  filtered  and lived through social media. It makes sense, then, that identity work takes place in this sphere. We engage in identity work as we walk through our neighborhoods, schools, and places of employment. We do it in how we dress and style ourselves; in how we walk, talk, and carry our bodies.  We do it on the phone and  in written form. And now, we do it in email, via text message, on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Tumblr, and LinkedIn. A self-portrait is the most obvious visual form of identity work, and its socially mediated form, the selfie, is now a common, perhaps even necessary form of that work. The Meme Compels Us In his book, The Selfish Gene,  evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins offered a definition of the meme that became deeply important to cultural studies, media studies, and sociology. Dawkins described the meme as a cultural object or entity that encourages its own replication. It can take musical form, be seen in styles of dance,  and manifest as fashion trends and art, among many other things. Memes abound on the internet today, often humorous in tone, but with increasing presence, and thus  importance, as a form of communication. In the pictorial forms that fill our Facebook and Twitter feeds, memes pack a powerful communicative punch with a combination of repetitious  imagery and phrases. They are densely laden with symbolic meaning. As such, they compel their replication;  for, if they were meaningless, if they had no cultural currency, they would never become a meme. In this sense, the selfie is very much a meme. It has become a normative thing that we do that results in a patterned and repetitious way  of representing ourselves. The exact style of representation may vary (sexy, sulky, serious, silly, ironic, drunk, epic,  etc.), but the form and general content an image of a person or group of people who fill the frame,  taken at arms length remain  the same. The cultural constructs that we have collectively created shape how we live our lives, how we express ourselves, and who we are to others. The selfie, as a meme, is a cultural construct and a form of communication now  deeply infused into our daily lives  and loaded with meaning and social significance.

The Fast Track Program of Florida Institute Essay

The Fast Track Program of Florida Institute - Essay Example The Fast Track Program of FIT gives an opportunity for undergraduate students to take graduate coursework; thus, they are able to finish a master’s degree in less time than in traditional programs (Florida Institute of Technology 1). Furthermore, the students will not have to shoulder the cost of graduate admission requirements and eliminate the anxiety of applying to a graduate program. The time commitment will also be greatly reduced. Â  Another major advantage of the FastTrack program is that most students who graduate from this program usually earn higher starting salaries. They also gain access to the latest trends in technology and are better exposed to real-world scenarios. They become exposed to industry leaders and are able to expand their professional network (Florida Institute of Technology, par.1). Students from the program acquire major-related work experience, professional skill-honing, co-op earnings and insight into one’s professional strengths (Florida Institute of Technology, par.4). Â  

MUNICIPAL CODE ELEMENTS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

MUNICIPAL CODE ELEMENTS - Essay Example This was appropriate to ensure that the project does not impact on both people either internal or external to the premises, or the environment negatively. To ensure the safety of both environment and the people living around this place, the developers have observed all legal requirements either set by the city council and environmental regulatory authority. This is especially for the directional board meant to help to identify the location of premises, offices and other utilities. Also, the proposed project will utilize the available area economically as a legal requirement. The additional materials like signboard do not contravene the regulations of municipality. They will be strategically placed to prevent them from causing any obstruction to other parties or pose any environmental risk. The planned project will ensure that all the ground area and the atmospheric height occupied by the project is within the limit of the city council. Therefore, the building to be established will n ot exceed the allowed height by the city council. Also, the width of the building, marquees and signboard will be within the required measurement. The signs and posters to be used will be attractive, well aligned and proportional to the size of the structure being built. The buildings will be properly labeled to avoid confusing the users and at the same time avoid obstructing other people. The necessity of the additional directional sign board is control the flow of traffic due to the movement in and out of the automobile display area. Since the regulations allows the utilization of sign not exceeding six inches for the area not exceeding six square meters, this project does not contravene the rules in any way. This is because the ground area they are intending to put under development is covering sixteen square meters. This gives a room for up to a maximum of sixteen inches in thickness of the proposed sign. The evidence support that the city council has granted permission to other developers to use signs with greater width than six inches before. The establishment of marquee is also necessary to give direction to the showroom since the other two marquees belongs to two different utilities. EXISTING CONDITIONS The proposed project does not interference with existing order in any way. This means that it will not lead to demolition of the existing structures. The existing facilities will remain in their current position even after establishment of the proposed one. This is in line with the legal requirements hence ensuring there should be no legal charges against the developer. To ensure that the installation of the new signs marquees does not alter the physical condition the building. Also, the new installations shall be matched with the existing premises by panting them with the same color and using the same material. This will improve avoid tempering with the quality of the building hence they will not become an eyesore to the people. The same construction s kills will be utilized to ensure that nothing contradicts the existing conditions. BACKGROUND ANALYSIS The establishment of the project is in accordance with the prevailing legal requirements about the utilization of the area for development. Signboard shall be within the business and is in proportion to the recommended measurement by the regulatory authority. Therefore, there will be no obstruction to any external or internal party whatsoever. The material used in the

US foreign policy during Cold War Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

US foreign policy during Cold War - Thesis Example In investigating facts the writer does a remarkable work; though, his expose unearths the dark side of the US in regard to the use of tainted informers and henchmen against it arch-rival superpower. Simpson’s careful conclusions, nonetheless, ruffle some feathers. One would not recognize easily from his narration that the Eastern European power was to blame for the start of the conflict, or that Western countries had any genuine concern following the containment of social liberty in the region. The use of ex-Nazi officials by the United States in the Cold War against the Soviet resulted in a â€Å"blowback† effect back in the country as it triggered more socio-economic and political challenges in the country. The sharp analysis of the role played by American officials relates to everyone; the most prominent one including Truman, the Dulles kin, Eisenhower, and George Kennan as well as the many personalities in the key intelligence and national-security organs. These age ncies and individuals are believed to have carried out the murky work, involving the brand of falsity, distrust, amorality, and zealotry with the potential of the Soviet threat. The â€Å"blowback† effects, amount to â€Å"the unintended consequences of U.S. foreign policies† during Cold War. ... e amalgamation of muckraking operations and historical evaluations takes care of one factor of the narration given by the author: the jostling for influence among the key allied states to cage and stamp their authorities for national significance exposed the researchers who had played pivotal roles in the empowerment of Hitler's war machine. In regard to their natural accomplishments, which the writer explains exhaustively, it is normal that many troops, who fought on the side of the Allied countries, were keen on their skills and in consolidating it to the disadvantage of the enemies than their historical accounts. Whereas the issue of national interest was legitimate, in imp lementation the end justified the most insignificant of means. Tenets of the American policy The fundamental principle American policymakers employed after the Second World War to incorporate ex-Nazis and informers was the likelihood or the inevitable occurrence of a fresh conflict pitting the two superpowers, the United States and the USSR. The expectation of the United States of a long-standing conflict was aggravated by the geopolitical hostilities between European powers and some Asian powers immediately after 1945; by the lack of consistent details on the actual situation in the East; and commonly by spiritual regulations that emphasized that Communism amounted to Satanism. Such observations differed across societies; however, they amounted to a significant phenomenon. The real weighing of triggering factors in Europe in the mid-twentieth century, however, implied that neither of the two world superpowers had the capacity to stamp its unilateral authority in the face of another through the use of military might only.

Oral Health Status of Pregnant and Non Pregnant Women

Oral Health Status of Pregnant and Non Pregnant Women â€Å"ORAL HEALTH STATUS AMONG PREGNANT AND NONPREGNANT WOMEN OF AGRA CITY A HOSPITAL BASED STUDY† ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Pregnancy is often thought to be a time of happiness for the expectant mothers but it does not only influence her own oral health status but also may increase her risk of other diseases. OBJECTIVE To compare the oral health status among pregnant and nonpregnant women of Agra city. MATRIALS AND METHOD A cross sectional study was carried out among 425 pregnant and 425 nonpregnant women of 18-45 years attending the hospital. A pretested proforma designed in local language for collecting all the relevant information was used which included questions regarding personal information, oral hygiene practices, frequency of dental visits, education, occupation, gravid status along with a self-reported oral health status questions. The investigator was calibrated before the start of the study in order to limit the intra-examiner variability. RESULTS A total of 850 subjects with a mean age of 29.30 ±3.30 years were examined. The mean DMFT was found to be 3.02 ±1.79 and 1.79 ±1.90 in pregnant and nonpregnant respectively. CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that pregnancy had effect on the gingiva and on periodontal attachment levels. Overall oral health was poorer among pregnant women than nonpregnant women. KEY WORDS Gravid status, Oral Health Status, Oral hygiene. INTRODUCTION Pregnancy brings about physical, physiological and psychological changes in women. It affects almost all systems and parts of the body including the oral cavity. Due to changes in the hormones, many opportunistic organisms gain access to various parts of the body in the absence of proper care1. Pregnancy constitutes a special physiological state characterized by a series of temporary adaptive changes in body structure, as a result of an increased production of estrogen, progestron, gonadotropins and relaxin among other hormones. The oral cavity is also affected by such endocrine actions and may present both transient and irreversible changes as well as modifications that are considered pathological2. Pregnancy related oral changes are most marked and frequent in gingival tissue. Gingival inflammation and pregnancy have now been linked for many years; as early as 1978, Vermeeran discussed â€Å"toothpains† in Pregnancy. In 1818, Pitcarin described gingival hyperplasia in pregnancy3. Pinard first described this situation in 1877 characterized with erythema, hyperplasia and increased bleeding4. Women’s pregnancy experience not only influences her own oral health status but also may increase her risk of other diseases. High levels of oral diseases may also have an impact on the Oral Health Related Quality of Life. Although some studies on pregnant women have been reported, they have been limited to exploring the impact of certain factors, such as pain, on the Oral Health Related Quality of Life4. Pregnancy gingivitis marked by the gingival inflammation is the most common condition seen during the pregnancy due to hormonal changes particularly during the second trimester of gestation. The signs and symptoms of pregnancy gingivitis, however do not differ from the gingivitis seen in non pregnant women5. It has been noted that the gingivitis in pregnancy is related to the accumulation of dental plaque and maintenance of proper oral hygiene in pregnant women can play an important role in preventing this condition and maintaining a healthy gingival state6. There is a growing acceptance of the fact that oral disorders too can have a significant impact on physical, social and mental well-being during pregnancy. No study has been conducted on Oral Health Related Status of pregnant and non pregnant women in Agra city. Keeping the above facts in mind, an attempt was made to carry out a comparative hospital based study on Oral Health Status of pregnant and nonpregnant women attending selected hospitals in Agra city. MATERIALS AND METHOD A cross sectional study was carried out among 425 pregnant and 425 nonpregnant women of 18-45 years attending the hospital. A pilot study was conducted on 100 (n=50) pregnant and nonpregnant women each with OHRQoL as a main parameter. The prevalence of Oral Impact on Daily Performance was 76%. The estimated sample size for the study based on prevalence of Oral Impact on Daily Performance was calculated to be 827. Keeping in mind the non-response rate in each hospital, sample size of 850 subjects was taken. To obtain the total sample size of 850, 85 pregnant and 85 nonpregnant women from each of the five zone were randomly selected. INCLUSION CRITERA Subjects reporting in the hospitals Subjects willing to participate in the study. Subjects of 18-45 years age group. EXCLUSION CRITERIA Subjects suffering from any systemic disease Subjects in critical condition. Ethical clearance for the study was obtained by the Ethical Committee of K.D. Dental College and Hospital, Mathura. Also informed consent was taken from the women prior to the examination. A pretested Questionnaire and proforma designed in local language for collecting all the required and relevant information was used. The questionnaire included questions regarding name, age, socioeconomic status, oral hygiene practices, frequency of dental visits, education, occupation, gravid status along with a self-reported oral health status questions. Clinical examination included Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S), Gingival Index, Community Periodontal Index and DMFT/DMFS. Oral examination was done using mouth mirror, probe and natural light. Self-reported oral health status was assessed by asking eight questions that collected information about periodontal health and dental health. The eight questions were: Do you have bleeding gums?; burning gums?; swollen gums?; loose teeth?; decayed teeth?; tooth pain?; food lodgment between teeth?; sensitive teeth?. These questions were dichotomized into present and absent. The data obtained was compiled systematically from a pre-coded proforma in computer and a master table was prepared. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 16.0 Statistical Analysis Software. Results on continuous measurement were presented in Mean ±SD (Min-Max) and results on categorical measurements were presented in Number (%). Significance was assessed at 5% level of significance. RESULTS A total of 850 study subjects were selected out of which 61(7.17%) were of the age group 20-25 years with mean age observed 29.30 ±3.30. Among pregnant women, 204(48%) had poor OHI-S scores(Table.1), 198(46.58%) had moderate gingivitis(Table.2), 61(14.35%) had CPI score 4 (Table.3) and 37(8.71%) had LOA score 2 (Table.4). The mean number of decayed, missing and filled teeth were 3.42 ±2.66, 2.91 ±2.01 and 3.01 ±1.98 respectively among pregnant group. The mean scores for self reported oral health status, among pregnant group was 64.38 ±5.59 for decayed teeth and among nonpregnant group was 65.81 ±5.36 for burning gums (Table.5). TABLE.1 DISTRIBUTION OF STUDY SUBJECTS ACCORDING TO OHI-S SCORES AMONG PREGNANT AND NONPREGNANT GROUP TABLE.2 DISTRIBUTION OF STUDY SUBJECTS ACCORDING TO GINGIVAL INDEX SCORES AMONG PREGNANT AND NONPREGNANT GROUP TABLE. 3 DISTRIBUTION OF STUDY SUBJECTS ACCORDING TO CPI SCORES AMONG PREGNANT AND NONPREGNANT GROUP TABLE. 4 DISTRIBUTION OF STUDY SUBJECTS ACCORDING TO LOA SCORES AMONG PREGNANT AND NONPREGNANT GROUP TABLE 5: DISTRIBUTION OF STUDY SUBJECTS ACCORDING TO SELF- REPORTED ORAL HEALTH STATUS AMONG PREGNANT AND NONPREGNANT GROUP DISCUSSION In our study, out of the total study population of 850 pregnant and nonpregnant women, 359(42.23%) women were below the age of 30 years, which was in accordance to the studies conducted by Ingrida Vasiliauskiene et al7 and Gaffeid M et al8. On the contrary, in the study conducted by Nuamah and Annan9 20% of pregnant women and 21.4% of nonpregnant group belonged to the age group of 30-35 years. In the present study, among the total study population, 29.30 ±3.30 was the mean age. The results of our study were similar to the study conducted by Machuca et al10, in which the mean age was 30.1 ±1.90. On the contrary, studies conducted by Yalcin et al11 and Tilakarante et al12 showed the mean age pattern of 18.62 ±3.01 and 19 ±2.90 respectively. Among pregnant population 204(48%) had poor oral hygiene. On the contrary, in the study conducted by Santosh Kumar et al13 among total study population only 25% had poor oral hygiene. In our study, among the total study subjects, mean OHI-S score was 2.65 ±0.85. On the contrary, in the study conducted by Ingrida Vasiliauskiene et al7 mean OHI-S score among total study subjects was 1.79 ±1.13. The reason behind this is that during pregnancy, gums are more susceptible to the damaging effects of plaque, gingiva become more edematous and fragile due to which during brushing it bleeds quickly. The problem is compounded if women hav e morning sickness nausea and vomiting which make it hard to brush teeth regularly resulting in more plaque accumulation. Among pregnant group, about half of the total study subjects i.e 46.58% had moderate gingivitis. Results of our study were similar to the studies conducted by Yalcin et al11 and Tilakarante et al12. In our study, among the total study subjects, it was found that 98(11.52%) had healthy periodontium On the contrary, studies conducted by Santosh Kumar et al13 and Ingrida Vasiliauskiene et al7 found that approximately half of the total study population i.e 49.8% had healthy periodontium whereas, among pregnant group 36.6% and among nonpregnant group 61% had healthy periodontium. While the study conducted by Miyazaki et al14 stated that 82% of the pregnant study population had 4 or 5mm pocket which is much higher in comparison to our study. In our study, the mean scores among pregnant group and non pregnant group was 64.38 ±5.59 for decayed teeth and 65.81 ±5.36 for burning gums respectively. No earlier studies have been carried out that show distribution of study subjects according to self- reported oral health status among pregnant and non pregnant groups. In conclusion, results of the study showed that oral health status among pregnant and nonpregnant group of Agra city was not good. The study also drew attention towards the need for highlighting the importance of maintaining oral health during pregnancy. Regular dental care is a key component to good oral and general health. It can be stated that there is a need for the health care professionals to acknowledge the importance of good oral health in ensuring a safe and successful pregnancy and overcome misconceptions regarding rendering of essential dental care during this vital period in a woman’s life. REFERENCES Shashidhar Acharya and Parvati V. Bhat. Oral health related quality of life during pregnancy. American Association of Public Health Dentistry 2009;69:7477. Tracy M. Dellinger and H. Mark Livingston. Pregnancy:physiologic changes and considerations for dental patients. British Journal of Obstetric and Gynaecology 2006;5:677-697. Ojanotko-Harri AO, Harri M.P, Hurltia H.M and Sewon L.A. Altered tissue metabolism of progesterone in pregnancy gingivitis and granuloma. Journal of Clinical Periodontalogy 1991;18:262-266. Steinberg B.J. Woman’s oral health issues. Journal of Dental Education 1999;63:271-275. Miyagi M., Aoyama H., Moroshita M and Iwamoto Y. Effects of sex hormones on chemotaxis of human peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 1992;63:2832. Laine M.A. Effect of pregnancy on periodontal and dental health. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica Journal 2002;60:257-264. Ingrida Vasiliauskiene. Oral health status of pregnant women. Stomatologia, Baltic Dental and Maxillofacial Journal 2003;5:57-61. Gaffield M., Brenda J.,Gilbert C., Malvitz D.M. and Romaguera R. Oral Health during Pregnancy. Journal of American Dental Association 200;132:189-194. Nuamah I and Annan B.D. Periodontal status and oral hygiene practices of pregnant and non-pregnant women. East African Medical Journal 1998;75:712–714. Machuca G., Khoshfeiz O., Lacalle R.J., Machuca C. and Bullon P. The influence of general health and socio – cultural variables on the periodontal condition of pregnant women. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 1999;70:779–785. Yalcin F., Eskinazi E., Soydinc M., Basegmez C., Issever H. and Isik G. The effect of socio cultural effects on periodontal condition in pregnancy. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 2002;74:178-182. Tilakaratne A., Soory M., Ranasinghe AW., Corea SMX., Ekanayake S L. and Desilva M. Periodontal disease status during pregnancy and 3 months post partum, in a rural population of Sri-Lankan women. Journal of Clinical Periodontalogy 2000;27:787-792. Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla, Prachi Agarwal and Preksha Jain. Dental status and its socio-demographic influences among pregnant women attending a maternity hospital in India. Journal of Clinical Express in Dentistry 2007;3:183-192. Miyazaki H, Yamashita Y and Shirahama R. Periodontal conditions of pregnant women assessed by CPITN. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 1991:18:751-4. Manau C, Echeverria A, Agueda A, Guerrero A and Echeverria JJ. Periodontal disease definition may determine the association between periodontitis and pregnancy outcomes. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 2008; 35: 385-397. Navin Anand Ingle, Akila Ganesh, Preetha Elizabeth Chaley and V. Chandrasekhara Reddy. A survey on dental knowledge and gingival health of pregnant women attending government maternity hospital, Chennai. Journal of Oral Health and Community Dentistry 2011;5:24-30.

Native American Essay -- essays research papers

From as early as the time of the early European settlers, Native Americans have suffered tremendously. Native Americans during the time of the early settlers where treated very badly. Europeans did what they wanted with the Native Americans, and when a group of Native Americans would stand up for themselves, the European would quickly put them down. The Native Americans bow and arrows where no match for the Europeans guns and cannon balls. When the Europeans guns didn’t work for the Europeans, the disease they bought killed the Native Americans even more effectively. In a poem by Louise Enrich called Dear John Wayne a line from a cowboy and Indian movie states the position of many European settlers in the Americas "Everything we see belongs to us". Native Americans did not like the way they were being treated. Every generation that passes, there would be fewer and fewer Native Americans around the Americas. Native Americans were dying like flies flying around bug spray mist. If it were not a war (The French and Indian war) that were killing them off it would be European disease (Cow and Small pox). The Native Americans saw what the Europeans were doing to their lives, they wanted their old way of life, and they wanted the Europeans to go away. In the movie Smoke Signals a line that was said by a character called Arnold Joseph represents the feelings of the Native Americans "Poof! The white people are gone". The Eur...